Hiv Aids In Nigeria Health And Social Care Essay

Hiv Aids In Nigeria Health And Social Care Essay Nigeria, with a populace of 154.7 million (World Bank, 2009) is the most crowded nation in Africa and speaks to about 47% of the West African populace (World Bank, 2010). The nation is separated into six geo-political zones; North-West, North-East and North-Central just as South-West, South-East and South-South (World Bank, 2010). Being the greatest oil exporter in Africa and with the biggest gaseous petrol holds in the mainland (World Bank, 2010), one would believe that (monetarily and as far as human turn of events) the nation would be up in the stepping stool with the prosperous nations of the world. Be that as it may, one would not be right. The nation is delegated lower center salary with a GNI per capita, Atlas strategy for $1,170 (World Bank, 2009). The nation positions 158 out a potential 182 nations on the human improvement list table (UNDP, 2009). Future during childbirth is 48 years for men and 50 years for ladies (WHO, 2009), grown-up education rate is 60% (World Bank, 2008), urban populace is 46% (World Bank, 2009) which demonstrates that the dominant part live in provincial zones, while the absolute fruitfulness rate (per lady) is 5.5 (WHO, 2009). As far as wellbeing markers, the nation doesn't passage any better. With a newborn child death pace of 85.5 per 1000 live births, a maternal mortality proportion of 1,100 for every 100,000 live births and an under 5 death pace of 186 for each 1000 live births (territorial normal 142 for every 1000 live births) (WHO, 2008), it will be sheltered to state that the nation can and ought to improve. Table 1 (World Bank, 2009) is a diagram of brisk realities on Nigeria Year 2009 Populace, Total (millions) 154.7 Populace development (yearly %) 2.3 GNI per capita, Atlas strategy (current US $) 1,170 Future during childbirth, all out (years) 47.9 Death rate, babies (per 1000 live births) 85.8 Preventative pervasiveness (% of ladies ages 15-49) 15 Table 1. Source: World Bank: World Development Indicators, Nigeria: Quick realities, 2009 With financial and social records poor on the planets least fortunate nations, world pioneers met in September 2000 under the covering of the United Nations to set a guide to diminish extraordinary neediness with the point of improving human and monetary improvement through a worldwide organization (UN thousand years presentation, 2000). In this way eight objectives with 21 targets and 60 quantifiable pointers were set (UN, 2000). Focussing on all the thousand years improvement objectives (MDGs) is past the extent of this paper. This paper intends to concentrate on one medical issue that is a need of the Nigerian country. In this way in the following hardly any pages, you will be taken on an excursion on the weight of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Nigeria, its present status and late patterns, issues of value and spread corresponding to pay, sexual orientation and area (home), national and sub-national arrangements to address the issues presented by HIV/AIDS, difficulties to tending to these issues just as proposals for an improved vital reaction. GENERAL BACKGROUND/Current status and late patterns HIV was first found in Nigeria in 1986 (DHS, 2008). By 1991, the commonness rate was accounted for as 1.8% (DHS, 2008). The commonness rate at that point dynamically rose to 4.5% in 1996 and afterward 5.5% in 2001 (National HIV/AIDS avoidance plan, 2007-9). Anyway the pervasiveness rate dropped to 5% in 2003 and 4.4% in 2005 (National HIV/AIDS counteraction plan, 2007-9). Despite the drop and as an outcome of Nigerias enormous populace, the sickness has kept on heaping a monetary and wellbeing hopelessness on the nation as 2.86 million individuals had been contaminated by 2005 (IBBSS, 2008). Presently, the HIV commonness rate is 4.6% (NACA, 2009). Evaluated number of individuals living with HIV/AIDS is 2.98 million, the yearly HIV positive births is 56,681, while yearly AIDS passings is 192,000 with females bearing a greater amount of the demise trouble at 105,822 passings to 86,178 passings for guys (NACA, 2009). The effect of the illness on kids is especially troubling as confirm by the yearly HIV positive births. It deteriorates. As indicated by information discharged by the Federal Ministry of Health in 2009, 2,175,760 kids have been stranded because of components identifying with HIV/AIDS (FOMH, 2009). Females establish very nearly three-fifths (58.3%) of the contaminated people in Nigeria (National HIV reaction Analysis, 2009). Additionally deserving of notice is the way that youthful grown-ups are excessively influenced with a sero-pervasiveness of 5.6% in the 25-29 age-gathering, the most elevated of all ages gathering (National HIV reaction Analysis, 2009). As this is a piece of the profitable age gathering of any nation (UNAIDS, 2008), the effect on financial advancement must be envisioned. The thousand years advancement objective 6, target 6 AB is to end by 2010 and start to turn around by 2015 the spread of HIV/AIDS and to accomplish general access to treatment for each one of the individuals who need it by 2010 (UNDP, 2010). The pointers to gauge these include: HIV commonness among pregnant ladies matured 15-24, condom use finally high hazard sex, extent of populace matured 15-24 with far reaching information on HIV/AIDS, proportion of school participation of vagrants to non vagrants and the extent of populace with cutting edge HIV with access to antiretroviral treatment (ART) (UNDP, 2010). The segment wellbeing review (DHS) executed by the Nigerian populace commission (NPC) and upheld and subsidized by PEPFAR, USAID and UNFPA was done in 2008 (DHS, 2008). It demonstrated that 23% of ladies and 36% of men in Nigeria have what is a far reaching information on HIV/AIDS (DHS, 2008). Exhaustive information is viewed as the information that condom use and dependability to one accomplice can forestall HIV disease, realizing that a solid appearance doesn't preclude HIV and the dismissal of two commonest fantasies that HIV can be transmitted through voodoo or mosquito chomps (DHS, 2008). Utilizing the above rules as the meaning of far reaching information is somewhat slender. A superior term would be essential information as the well known abbreviation ABC (forbearance, be loyal and condom use) establishes the nuts and bolts of HIV counteraction. The level of grown-ups and youngsters with cutting edge HIV with access to treatment is 32% (DHS, 2008). As the objective is all incl usive access to treatment, this shows unmistakably that Nigeria is lingering behind on treatment in spite of its prevalence over counteraction (Idoko, 2010). The predominance of HIV among pregnant ladies between ages 15 and 24 in Nigeria has diminished from 5.8% in 2001 and 2002 to 5.0% in 2003 and 2004 and has steadied at 4.3% in 2005 through 2007 (NACA, ME unit, 2007). The level of the populace who utilized condom finally high hazard sex has uniquely expanded from 43.9% in 2003 to 63.8% in 2007 (NACA, ME unit, 2007) while the Federal Ministry of Health revealed in 2009 that the quantity of kids stranded by AIDS expanded from 1.97 million out of 2007 to 2.18 million out of 2009. The proportion of school participation of vagrants to non vagrants is supposed to be 0.86:1 (FMOH, 2009). Anticipation of mother to youngster transmission (PMTCT) of HIV comprises an immense hole in HIV counteraction in Nigeria (Idoko, 2010). With just 12.5% of pregnant ladies approaching PMTCT administrations, Nigeria speaks to 30% of the worldwide hole of PMTCT of HIV (Idoko. 2010). The advancement Nigeria has made in her battle against HIV/AIDS is outlined in table 2 which analyzes appraisals and information incorporated by NACA from 2000 through 2007. It shows a diverse assortment of results as the upgrades made have either been moderate or dillydallying (Mid-point appraisal, 2010). Target 7: Have ended and started to turn around the spread of HIVAIDS (UN Millennium Declaration, 2000) Pointers 1990 2000*a 2001 2002*b 2003 2004*c 2005 2006*d 2007*d 2008 2015 Progress towards target HIV commonness among 15-multi year old pregnant ladies (%) 5.4 5.8 5.8 5.0 5.0 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.2 To be ended Improving however gradually % of youngsters matured 15-24 who both accurately distinguish approaches to forestalling the sexual transmission of HIV and who reject significant misguided judgments about HIV transmission 18.3 18.3 25.9 25.9 25.9 NA 100 Improving yet gradually % of youngsters matured 15-24 detailing the utilization of a condom during sex with a non standard sexual accomplice 43.9 43.9 63.8 63.8 63.8 NA 100 Improving Proportion of school participation of vagrants to class participation of non vagrants matured 10-14 years NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.2 Number of kids stranded by AIDS (millions) 1.8 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.97 declining A, b, c, d are for 1999, 2001, 2003, 2005. NA-not accessible Table 2. Source: MDG report, 2010 Value Engaging ladies and young ladies has a plenty of beneficial outcomes on all MDGs (UNDP, 2010). HIV/AIDS is no special case. Notwithstanding the way that HIV/AIDS knows no sex, clear incongruities are noticeable in the way people with HIV/AIDS are reacted to and thought about (Mbonu, et al, 2010). The segment wellbeing review (DHS) completed in 2008 uncovered inconsistencies dependent on sexual orientation, ethnicity, area and salary quintile in the information on HIV/AIDS, perspectives towards HIV/AIDS and inclusion of testing (DHS, 2008). Table 3 (DHS, 2008) shows a variety in the information on HIV/AIDS as per age, living arrangement, ethnicity, level of training and salary (DHS, 2008). Of note is the pattern that uncovers that HIV mindfulness while practically general in urban regions (98% and 95% among people individually), is lower among country people at 91% and 84% separately (DHS, 2008). Attention to HIV/AIDS was likewise seen as lower in the Northern area contrasted with the South, being least in ladies of North-focal source (76%) and men of North-eastern root (88%)(DHS, 2008). Foundation qualities Ladies Men Age in years 15-24 87.1 91.4 15-19 85.3 88.3 20-24 89.1 94.8 25-29 89.8 94.6 30-39 89.4 94.7 40-49 87.2 94.4 Conjugal Status Never wedded 92.9 93.4 Ever had intercourse 96.5 98.0 Never

How to Write a Professional Email - Proofread My Paper

Step by step instructions to Write a Professional Email - Proofread My Paper Step by step instructions to Write a Professional Email Not very far in the past, in the times of pen and paper, sending a composed message over the world was a long and costly procedure. These days, we should simply take out a fast email, click the â€Å"send† fasten and salute ourselves on an occupation all around done. In any case, do we underestimate this wonder of present day innovation for conceded? The simplicity of sending an email makes it simple to not place a lot of thought into its organization, which can prompt your message being misconstrued. In an expert setting, this just isn’t adequate. In that capacity, to ensure you can convey obviously by means of email, take a stab at following these helpful hints. 1.â â â â The Subject Line The title of your email ought to be explicit enough for the beneficiary to realize what your message is about. For instance, if you’re sending a CV, you could make the headline â€Å"[Your name] CV.† Likewise, if you’re writing to pose an inquiry, you could utilize the inquiry as the title. By correlation, simply composing â€Å"IMPORTANT!!! If it's not too much trouble READ NOW!!!† isn’t accommodating. 2.â â â â Salutation In a proper email, the welcome will generally be: â€Å"Dear [name of recipient].† Unless you realize the beneficiary well, you ought to either utilize their complete name or their favored title (e.g., Mr., Mrs., Miss, Ms., and so forth.). On the off chance that you don’t know the recipient’s name or sex, utilize their activity title (e.g., â€Å"Dear Recruiter,†) or â€Å"Dear Sir/Madam.† 3.â â â â The Main Body of Your Email The primary content of your email ought to be clear, brief and respectful: In the initial lines, recognize yourself and your purpose behind messaging. You may likewise need to offer a merriment to lead on to your principle message (e.g., â€Å"I discovered your article extremely supportive and might want to ask†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Keep things brief by restricting your email to a couple of noteworthy focuses. In the event that you attempt to pack a lot into a solitary message, the beneficiary is bound to neglect something. Consider how your email will be perused, including how it will be comprehended and its tone. Saying â€Å"please† and â€Å"thank you† can help. In formal messages, dodge slang, web truncations (e.g., LOL, IMHO, and so forth.) and emoticon. 4.â â â â Sign Off and Signature The proper close down will rely upon how comfortable you are with the beneficiary. In the event that it’s a proper email, similar to an introductory letter, something like â€Å"Yours sincerely† or â€Å"Yours respectfully† should work. On less conventional events, â€Å"Kind regards† and â€Å"Best wishes† are adequate other options. Your mark is your name in addition to any extra subtleties you need to incorporate a short time later, for example, your activity title, organization name or a connect to your site. 5.â â â â Proofread It! At long last, don’t neglect to edit your message for clearness before sending; in the event that you have to ensure your email is great, connect with the experts!

Your Online Reputation inspired by the Harvard Business Review

Your Online Reputation â€" inspired by the Harvard Business Review Last week I covered the issue of Facebook privacy in my article Facebook Privacy? What’s that?  While Facebook raises many privacy issues, your online footprint as a job seeker extends far beyond your Facebook profile. Even if you have avoided Facebook altogether, chances are you have not completely avoided the internet; and this means that you have an online reputation that can be exploredâ€"and exploitedâ€"by potential employers. The Harvard Business Review published an article on April 3, 2012 by Michael Fertik entitled, “Your Future Employer is Watching You Online. You Should be Too.”   Before I read this article, I had not fully considered all the different ways employers might be researching candidates. I had seen statistics, which  Fertik also shares, that more than 75% of employers actively research candidates online (note this was a December 2009 statistic from Microsoft and is probably higher now), and that more than 70% of employers have decided not to hire a candidate based on what they have found online. I assumed that recruiters were looking at major social media sites like Facebook and LinkedIn; but according to this HBS article, recruiters dig much more deeply, looking through “shopping profiles, online gaming sites, classifieds and auction sites (think eBay and craigslist) â€" and even in virtual worlds like SecondLife!” You are always a shopper â€" and you are always the shopped Are you as amazed as I am at the extent of targeted advertising on the web? I get Facebook ads put in front of me for services relating to yoga, healthy diet and personal growth, probably because of the yoga videos, green drinks and books I search for and/or purchase on Amazon. Google has made it spookily easy for advertisers to discover my personal preferences. Clearly, if advertisers can do it, employers can too. There is basically nothing to stop employers from profiling their ideal candidate based on qualities like political inclinations, preferred leisure activities, diet, languages, etc. Of course job history and skills are still the primary considerations, but to narrow down the field, screening for other traits seems a natural extension of what advertisers do every day. Employers can search for you almost like they would for a pair of shoes. What Fertik drives home is that in today’s world, you are really always a job seeker whether you want to be or not. You *are* being researched. Whether you are found is another story. But if you are, you’ll want to look good when the right company finds you. Steps to take In addition to shopping only for items that do not cast doubt on your character, and of course ensuring that your Facebook and LinkedIn profile are professionally presented, there are additional steps you can take to manage your online reputation. Here are three important ones mentioned by Fertik: Check your own Google results. The first five results should make you look good. If they don’t, it’s time for an overhaul of your online reputation. Maybe it’s even time to create a website with the URL firstnamelastname.com or as close as you can get. Does an unsavory character share your first and last name? In that case, address it up front with employers whenever possible so they know to look beyond those initial results. Establish yourself as a skilled professional online. Participate in reputable forums, LinkedIn groups, and anywhere else where you can establish thought leadership online. Don’t assume anything is private. There is always a chance that emails, e-photos, etc. will somehow be discovered or appropriated by a spammer. Privacy settings do not protect you the way you might like. Have you Googled yourself lately? What did you find? Are you active in online forums? Do you think you would be chosen by an employer for the job you want? Please share your thoughts below.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt Fact Sheet

Franklin Delano Roosevelt served as Americas president for over 12 years, longer than any other person before or since. He was in power during the Great Depression and throughout most of World War II. His policies and decisions had and continue to have an enormous impact on America.  For more in depth information, you can also read the Franklin D. Roosevelt Biography. Fast Facts: Franklin D. Roosevelt Birth: January 30, 1882Death: April 12, 1945Known for: Four-term President of the U.S.Term of Office: March 4, 1933-April 12, 1945Number of Terms Elected: 4 Terms; Died during his 4th term.Spouse: Eleanor Roosevelt (His fifth cousin once removed)Famous Quote: The United States Constitution has proved itself the most marvelously elastic compilation of rules of government ever written. Additional Franklin D. Roosevelt quotes. Major Events While in Office Twenty-First Amendment - Repeal of Prohibition (1933)New Deal policies including the creation of the CCC, NRA, and TVA (1933-1935)Social Security Act (1935)Court Packing Plan (1937)World War II (1939-1945)Pearl Harbor attacked; US enters World War II (1941)Yalta Conference (1945) Related Franklin D. Roosevelt Resources These additional resources on Franklin D Roosevelt can provide you with further information about the president and his times. Causes of the Great Depression: What actually caused the Great Depression? Here is a list of the top five most commonly agreed upon causes of the Great Depression.The Manhattan Project Timeline: One day before America entered World War II with the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the Manhattan Project officially began with President Franklin D. Roosevelts approval over the objections of some scientists including Albert Einstein. J. Robert Oppenheimer was the projects scientific director.

Aristotle And Aristotle s Views On Morality - 1394 Words

Both Aristotle and Aquinas, are both considered to be in the discussion of ancient/medieval thinkers. Though these individuals have differences in certain viewpoints, their overall ideology puts them in a grouping that is different from the individuals considered to be late modern thinkers (i.e. Kant and Mill). The discussions made in this essay will elaborate on the contexts of what each of the thinkers considered to be relevant to the making of moral judgments, how each think believed that decisions are made, and lastly how moral action is related to the human good as conceived of by each thinker. First, Aristotle was as much of a scientist as he was a philosopher. This shows to be true in his development of both his beliefs about morality along with the decision making process. Aristotle believed that morality was very important in one’s life. He also felt that if someone wasn’t virtuous, they may not necessarily be a bad person but likely to lack guidance. He believed that some people thought that the happily life is the life of enjoyment. He felt the object of the life of enjoyment is bodily pleasure; that of political activity is honorable. He believed that the end of human life must be the most complete and thus believed that happiness is the most complete end. This thinking would affect his decision making when it came to how he felt the outcome would present itself during the end result. Moving on to St. Thomas Aquinas’ view on morality, he believed that humansShow MoreRelatedAristotle s Views On Morality1349 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Aristotle, provided his account of morality, then Hume also has his own set of morality. In which, Hume mentions that â€Å"reason is the salve of the passion†(Prompt). While, Aristotle’s view is that passions are the slaves of reasons. Even though both have their own sets of morality, one of them has a better concept of morality. Hume has his own set of morals in which there are flaws. 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Engineering and Ce 211c Ce Free Essays

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF SAN CARLOS-TALAMBAN CAMPUS CEBU CITY, PHILIPPINES (Effective June 2008) FIRST YEAR/FIRST SEMESTER Lec Lab Course Title Hrs Hrs Algebra 3 0 Trigonometry 3 0 Solid Mensuration 2 0 Engineering Graphics 1 0 3 Communication Arts 1 3 0 Sining ng Pakikipagtalastasan 3 0 Man in Search of God 3 0 Self Testing Activities 2 0 Civic Welfare Training Services 1 3 0 Total 22 3 FIRST YEAR/SECOND SEMESTER Lec Lab Hrs Hrs Course Title Analytic Solid Geometry 3 0 Calculus 1 5 0 Advanced Algebra 2 0 Engineering Graphics 2 0 3 General and Inorganic Chemistry Lec 3 0 General and Inorganic Chemistry Lab 0 3 Communication Arts 2 3 0 Man the Christian Believer 3 0 Filipino sa Iba’t-ibang Larangan 3 0 Rhytmic Activities 2 0 Civic Welfare Training Services 2 3 0 Total 27 6 SECOND YEAR/FIRST SEMESTER Lec Lab Hrs Hrs Course Title Elementary Surveying Lecture 2 0 Elementary Surveying Laboratory 0 6 Computer Fundamentals Programming 0 6 Engineering P hysics 1 Lecture 3 0 Engineering Physics 1 Laboratory 0 3 Logic 3 0 Life Works of Rizal 3 0 The Christian Worship 3 0 Fundamentals of Games and Sports 2 0 Governance Const with Current Issues 3 0 Total 19 15 SECOND YEAR/SECOND SEMESTER Lec Lab Course Title Hrs Hrs Higher Surveys Lecture 2 0 Higher Surveys Laboratory 0 6 Calculus 2 5 0 Statics of Rigid Bodies 3 0 Engineering Physics 2 Lecture 3 0 Engineering Physics 2 Laboratory 0 3 Aural-Oral Communication 3 0 Man Witness in the World 3 0 Recreational Activities 2 0 Total 21 9 THIRD YEAR/FIRST SEMESTER Lec Lab Hrs Hrs Course Title Dynamics of Rigid Bodies 3 0 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies 5 0 Engineering Surveys Lecture 2 0 Engineering Surveys Laboratory 0 3 General Computer Application 0 3 Differential Equations 3 0 Building Design 1 Lecture 1 0 Building Design 1 Laboratory 0 3 Basic Mechanical Engineering 3 0 General Psychology 3 0 Total 20 9 THIRD YEAR/SECOND SEMESTER Lec Lab Course Title Hrs Hrs Theory of Structures 1 Lecture 3 0 Theory of Structures 1 Laboratory 0 3 Fluid Mechanics Hydraulics 1 3 0 Course Code EM 111 EM 112X EM 124 ES 12A ENGL 1 FILI 1 REED 10 PE 11 NSTP 1 Acad Units 3 3 2 1 3 3 3 2 3 23 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) Course Code EM 121 EM 122 EM 123 ES 14A CHEM 4 CHEM 4L ENGL 2 REED 20 FILI 2 PE 12 NSTP2 Acad Units 3 5 2 1 3 1 3 3 3 2 3 29 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) EM 111, EM 112X EM 111, EM 112X EM 111, EM 112X ES 12A ENGL 1 REED 10 FILI 1 PE 11 NSTP1 Course Code CE 211C CE 211CL ES 16ANL PHYS 31N PHYS 31NL PHILO 2 HIST 17 REED 30 PE 13 POSC 13E Acad Units 2 2 2 3 1 3 3 3 2 3 24 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) EM 111, EM112X EM 111, EM112X EM 111, EM112X EM 121, EM 122 EM 121, EM 122 None None REED 20 PE 12 None Course Code CE 221C CE 221CL EM 211 MECH 1 PHYS 32N PHYS 32NL ENGL 3 REED 40 PE 14 Acad Units 2 2 5 3 3 1 3 3 2 24 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) CE 211C, CE211CL CE 211C, CE211CL EM 122 PHYS 31, (EM 211) PHYS 31N PHYS 31N Engl 2 REED 30 PE 13 Course Code MECH 2 MECH 3 CE 311C CE 311CL CE 311G EM 22 BLDG 1 BLDG 1L ME310 PSYC 1 Acad Units 3 5 2 1 1 3 1 1 3 3 23 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) MECH 1 MECH 1 (MECH 2) CE 221C, CE221CL CE 221C, CE221CL EM111, EM123, ES16ANL EM 211 EM 124, ES 14A EM 124, ES 14A MECH 1 (MECH 2) None Course Code CE 321A CE 321AL CE 321BX Acad Units 3 1 3 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) MECH 2, MECH 3 MECH 2, MECH 3 MECH 2, MECH 3 CE 321BLY CE 321C CE 321G BLDG 2 BLDG 2L EM 31 ECON 1N EE 320 Fluid Mechanics Hydraulics 1 Lab Engineering Geology Probability and Statistics Building Design 2 Lecture Building Design 2 Laboratory Advanced Engineering Mathematics Principles of Econ with Agrarian Reform Elementary Elect. Eng’g Total 0 3 3 1 0 3 3 3 22 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 9 1 3 3 1 1 3 3 3 25 MECH 2, MECH 3 PHYS 32, CHEM 4 EM 111 BLDG 1 BLDG 2 EM 22 None PHYS 32, EM 22 Course Code CE 411A CE 411AL CE 411BY CE 411BL CE 411C CE 411CL CE 412AX CE 412AL CE 412B SOSC 6 PHILO 25 FOURTH YEAR/FIRST SEMESTER Lec Lab Course Title Hrs Hrs Theory of Structures 2 Lecture 3 0 Theory of Structures 2 Laboratory 0 3 Fluid Mechanics Hydraulics 2 3 0 Fluid Mechanics Hydraulics2 Lab. 0 3 Geotechnics 1 Lecture 3 0 Geotechnics 1 laboratory 0 3 Construction Materials and Testing Lec 2 0 Construction Materials and Testing Lab 0 3 Hydrology 3 0 Philippine Society and Culture 3 0 Philosophy of the Human Person 3 0 Total 20 12 FOURTH YEAR/ SECOND SEMESTER Lec Lab Course Title Hrs Hrs Reinforced Concrete Design Lec 3 0 Reinforced Concrete Design Lab 0 3 Environmental Engineering 3 0 Geotechnics 2 Lecture 3 0 Geotechnics 2 Laboratory 0 3 Geographic Information System Lec 1 0 Geographic Information System Lab 0 3 Water Resources Engineering 3 0 Engineering Economics 3 0 Technical Writing 3 0 Survey of Arts 3 0 Total 22 9 Summer after 4th year/second semester Lec Lab Course Title Hrs Hrs On the Job Training 3 0 Total 3 0 FIFTH YEAR/ FIRST SEMESTER Lec Lab Hrs Hrs Course Title Highway Engineering 3 0 Steel Design Lecture 3 0 Steel Design Laboratory 0 3 Timber Design 2 0 Construction Planng, Prog Safety 3 0 Project 1 Lecture 1 0 Project 1 Laboratory 0 3 Elective 1 3 0 Elective 2 3 0 Engineering Management 3 0 Total 21 6 FIFTH YEAR/ SECOND SEMESTER Lec Lab Hrs Hrs Course Title Transportation Engineering 3 0 Project Management Lecture 2 0 Project Management Laboratory 0 3 Foundation Design 2 Foundation Design Lab. We will write a custom essay sample on Engineering and Ce 211c Ce or any similar topic only for you Order Now 3 Project 2 0 3 CE Laws, Contracts, Specs, Ethics 3 0 Elective 3 3 0 Elective 4 3 0 Total 16 9 Acad Units 3 1 3 1 3 1 2 1 3 3 3 24 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) CE321A, CE321AL CE321A, CE321AL CE321B, CE321BL CE321B, CE321BL MECH 2, MECH 3 MECH 2, MECH 3 MECH 2, MECH 3 MECH 2, MECH 3 EM 211, (CE411B) None None Course Code CE 421AN CE 421ANL CE 421B CE 421C CE 421CL CE 421G CE 421GL CE 423B ES 25 ENGL 23G HUMN 1 Acad Units 3 1 3 3 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 25 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) CE411A, CE412A CE411A, CE412A CHEM 4, CE 412B CE411C, CE411CL CE411C, CE411CL CE311C, CE311G CE311C, CE311G CE411B, CE411BL EM 22 4th Year Standing None Course Code OJT Acad Units 3 3 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) BLDG2, Completed 4th yr 2nd sem courses Course Code CE 511C CE 512A CE 512AL CE 514A CE 513A CE 511G CE 511GL CE 511E CE 511F ES 27 Acad Units 3 3 1 2 3 1 1 3 3 3 23 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) CE311C, CE421C CE411A, CE411AL CE411A, CE411AL CE411A, CE411AL 5th Year Standing completed 4th yr 2nd sem courses completed 4th yr 2nd sem courses refer to pre-req refer to pre-req ES 25 Course Code CE 521C CE 522A CE 522AL CE 522B CE 522BL CE 521G CE 522G CE 522E CE 523E Acad Units 3 2 1 3 1 1 3 3 3 20 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) 5th Year Standing ES 27, CE 513A ES 27, CE 513A CE 511A CE 511A CE 511G 5th Year Standing refer to pre-req refer to pre-req Note: NSTP and PE courses should be completed within the first two years in college. Elective Courses: Lec Lab Hrs Hrs Elective 1: Course Title Cluster A Prestressed Concrete 3 0 Cluster B Irrigation, Flood Control and Drainage Engg 3 0 Cluster C Urban Planning and Land Development 3 0 Elective 2: Cluster A Bridge Design 3 0 Cluster B Sanitary Engineering 3 0 Cluster C Geosynthetics in Geotechnical Engg 3 0 Elective 3: Cluster A Entrepreneurship for Engineers 3 0 Cluster B Hydrologic Analysis and Modeling 3 0 Cluster C Pavement Analysis and Design 3 0 Elective 4: Cluster A Special Topics in Structural Engg 3 0 Cluster B Special Topics in Water Resources 3 0 Cluster C Special Topics in Geotechnical Engg 3 0 Acad Units 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Prerequisites (Co-requisites) CE 421A CE 422B CE 311C, 5th Year Standing CE 421A CE 421B CE 421C ES 27 CE 412B, CE321G CE 511C CE 511A CE 423B CE 511C How to cite Engineering and Ce 211c Ce, Essay examples

Thomas Riley Marshall Was Born In North Ranchester, Indiana On March 1

Thomas Riley Marshall was born in North Ranchester, Indiana on March 14, 1854. He graduated from Wabash College in 1873 where he studied law. Afterwards he was admitted to the Indiana bar in 1875, practicing his profession in Columbia City. His father was a physician. He was also a popular public speaker and active in local Democratic politics. Marshall was a small town lawyer when he received the nomination for governor in 1908, a compromise darkhorse candidate. His political party for governor was Democratic and he was also very progressive. He was a popular governor, although his attempts to have the state adopt a new constitution failed. He stayed governor until 1913. At the democratic national convention in Baltimore in 1912, Marshall was the favorite-son candidate of Indiana for the presidency. When Woodrow Wilson was nominated for president, Marshall was chosen for the vice presidency. Wilson was reelected in 1916; Marshall served with him until 1921. Marshall also served as presiding officer of the senate. Thomas Marshall was the twenty-eighth vice president of the United States. He was the vice president for eight years under Woodrow Wilson. During his terms as vice president, he was well known for his wit. He achieved fame for his remark, "What this country needs is a really good five cent cigar." He said this aside while in a senate debate in 1917. Slight of stature and impeccably groomed, Marshall continued as a popular orator even after retiring from the vice presidency. His autobiography is an entertaining record of his career. The book contains more in depth coverage of his vice presidency. During Wilson's serious illness, beginning in late 1919, Marshall considered declaring himself as acting president. He didn't though because he feared that his action could divide the country. Marshall died in Washington D.C. on June 1, 1925.

useing evidence to inform nurs essays

useing evidence to inform nurs essays Summative assignment using evidence to inform nursing practise The author of this report will attempt to identify an aspect of nursing practise that raised a question in the authors mind, and therefore required further investigation thus enabling validation of certain actions and practises. In so doing, empowering the author to make informed and rational judgements of observed practises and actions and thereby implement newly acquired knowledge focusing on evidence based practise and the benefits to nursing in general, and the development of sound, informed, nursing practises. During the authors last placement, it had been observed that one particular patient, who shall be known as Jane throughout this document, in order to protect patient confidentiality and therefore act in accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (N.M.C.) code of conduct, (NMC, 2000), had after receiving Electro Convulsive Therapy, (E.C.T.), suffered on at least three separate occasions from a sore throat. Jane complained of mild to moderate sore throats, and expressed some difficulties when swallowing for about half an hour after waking up. Jane had been given a laryngeal airway during her treatment, due to her having a fractured septum, leaving her with an inability to breath clearly, if at all, through her nose, but other than this, her treatment was identical to the very next patient, who had oxygen delivered via a standard face mask. After both patients treatments, they were placed in the recovery room and they both fully recovered in a little under half an hour. Upon rec overy Jane asked the author if the discomfort was normal, and the author felt unable to give a clear or fact based opinion in answer. The author determined to allay Janes concerns and wished to contribute to Janes overall after care by helping to reduce any anxiety she may be suffering through worrying about her physical condition. The author may be ab...

This is Why Your Resume Was Rejected [Infographic]

This is Why Your Resume Was Rejected [Infographic] There are many reasons as to why your resume was rejected. The folks over at behiring.com have compiled an infrographic detailing the top reasons why your resume was rejected. Check the reasons out below:

Social Science Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Science Studies - Essay Example This has been one of the most profound scientific investigations of man kind. The search for the answers to life have eluded man for decades, although in recent years many evolutionists, researchers, religious leaders, and other renowned historians claim that they are closer than ever to gaining the answers to the questions that have been sought after for centuries. Much of this is based on the phenomenon of religion and what it means to people in society. If anything, religion gives people something steadfast to believe in, and brings a source of inspiration to many lives. Without this specific icon of belief there are many that claim life would be blank and meaningless because religion is a part of the natural history of man. It is also claimed that the concept of religion was developed to exert social control over various groups in society. This is stated because it is known that the body of religion leads to many human emotions and activities. Some of these being very profound emotional states such as fear, wonder, reverence, gratitude, love, prayer, worship, and ultimate sacrifice (Swatos 2006). There is no doubt that those who follow a religious faith turned towards their religion as a guidance to help them in their lives. Also, whether people are going through good times or bad, they are found to worship what they believe in and it dictates many aspects of their life to them, basically in a sense of understanding what is right and wrong. Furthermore, as has been mentioned, many moral decisions are based around the essence of religion. For Christians, they realize that committing an act such as murder might condemn them to hell so by following the structure of their religious teachings they would ref rain themselves from such an act regardless of what might have lead to the contemplation of it to begin with. So it can be seen that another possibility for the science of religion lies in the concept of morals in human kind (Cline 2006). To delve a little deeper into the meaning in behind religion it is found that a great deal of people who are religious turn to their beliefs for many answers. They do believe that what they worship will provide them with the answers that they seek. At times this is very true and others it is not, but it gives purpose to many peoples lives. As it has been stated, those who follow a religious stature would not fully grasp their purpose in life or feel as whole without its presence. In this regard many could claim that it developed to bring a sense of peace to the human race so that they would feel more at ease in times of troubles and strife. It is feasible to see how the scientific context for religion has developed through the ages. The search for how human kind developed lead to the strong need of faith to try and interpret and understand for many, many people throughout the world. Though many religious ideas differ they all hold certain similarities as well. For whatever the reason it has become a very profound state of being in the world for many different ethnicities and cultural groups. Education Education in society has a variety of reasons for developing and playing a big part in the social life of all people. Without the educational system societies all

The Black Death and its aftermath Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Black Death and its aftermath - Essay Example The religious view argued that the "Black Death" was created by the Jews so that they could eliminate all the Christians from this world. They believed that the Jews had poisoned all the wells and springs. Therefore, they persecuted the Jews demanding them to confess their evil schemes. Many of the Jews confessed that they obtained this lethal poison from a foreign land but it was done without the knowledge of the Jewish community. Many communities had to pray hard for rain so that their people could have pure water to drink and cook. Some of the regions that were severely affected by this disease believed that God would want the Jews to be punished for this act. So they began to burn the Jews for poisoning all the wells and springs. As a result of the torture, many Jews were adopted to the Christian faith through baptism in order to avoid undeserved punishment 2 (Horrox, 1994). The religious view also argued that the plague was a punishment from God. They believed that the human race deserved to be punished because of their disobedience to God. People lived lifestyles that were sinful, unrighteous and not pleasing to him. Because of this, God had to demonstrate his sovereign power by allowing humanity to suffer. People could be cured from this disease but in order to be healed they had to humble themselves and totally submit to His authority. In comparison, the practitioners from Egyptian and Mesopotamian nations had 'medicine' to make peace with the gods. They believed that performing certain rituals and incantations before the sick person would cause him to be delivered from the demon spirit, for they all believed that diseases were caused by demons 3 (Horrox, 1994; & Longrigg, 1998). The medical theory presented two main explanations on the plague. Firstly, they believed that the cause of 'Black Death' was associated with "miasma" which means "bad air". They said that when a person inhales 'bad air' it goes directly into their lungs before it gets transmitted into their blood stream. Therefore, it starts to affect the patient's body by generating various symptoms such as headaches, coughing up blood, and a rain increase in the pulse rate. 2 The disease also would spread quickly into the air when the afflicted patient exhaled. This medical theory supported the fact that the air was not the main cause of the plague; instead, the plague was a direct result of the pollution or bacteria in the air that which was the cause for the disease. So when a normal individual contracted the disease through an afflicted person, they were both required to immediately leave the town before they passed it on to more people4 (Horrox, 1994). The medical theory also claimed that the plague was caused by an imbalance in the individuals' diet. For instance, individuals with inadequate nourishment were more vulnerable to the plague than people with malnutrition. People who consume an adequate amount of water were less susceptible to the disease. This indicated that the socioeconomic status was a significant factor in determining the rate at which the disease spread. Therefore, people from low class families were mainly blamed for the elevation of 'Black Death'. The medical view

Social Issues With Multiculturalism

Social Issues With Multiculturalism What are the main sociological issues raised by the idea of a multi-cultural society? ‘Multiculturalism is not about difference and identity per se but about those that are embedded in and sustained by culture’ (Parekh, 2000:2). Despite the fact that most countries today are culturally diverse, it would be impossible to discuss the main sociological issues raised by the idea of a multicultural society without explaining first, what is the meaning of culture itself? The most common definition of culture refers to a complex entity which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, customs and habits acquired by members of a society. Claire Alexander sees culture as a set of traditions and beliefs linked to ethnicity and common origins which led to the realisation that culture is not a fixed set of beliefs, but it is made and unmade in daily life. (1996) The query of multiculturalism is not a recent topic for debate since it has been present in the political life of European countries since 1945, year that does not only mark the Second World War but also the beginning of an era of concerns and changes. The main issues raised by this matter refer to immigration, delegation of power and growing numbers of political refugees and asylum seekers. Yet, further problems emerge concerning collective and political rights, liberal ideas, identity, and individual freedom. (Rex, 2003) Furthermore, Kymlicka suggests that the diversity of cultures we are experiencing today has led to a conflict between majorities and minorities over matters such as language, autonomy, political representation, and national identity (1996). He also argues that this, mainly affects democracies: ‘attempts to create liberal democratic institutions are being undermined by violent nationalist conflicts; volatile disputes over the rights of immigrants, indigenous peoples, and other cultural minorities are throwing into question many of the assumptions which have governed political life for decades’ (1996: 2) Until recently, multiculturalism was seen by politicians and monarchs as a positive trait of modern and nation-states. However, this perception changed due to ethnic conflicts within nations such as the ethnic cleansing in Yugoslavia or the riots in the United Kingdom between Asians and native British citizens. In the past few years, many philosophers and social scientists have taken an interest into the idea of cultural diversity and tried to define the image of a liberal society, answer the question whether individual rights should be expanded to groups and solve the problem of recognition which appeared it implied the denial of individual rights in the first place. (Rex, 2003) On this matter, Charles Taylor argues that in fact, recognition is an essential component of the concept of rights and individuals could be recognised as part of a group (1994). In order to expand his argument, he goes as far back as the collapse of social hierarchies and the ancient regime and states the common element that constitutes both a hierarchy and a democratic society. He claims that the ancient hierarchies were based on the notion of â€Å"honour† which even though it was a matter of choice, it defined the individuals of the society; the term we use today is â€Å"dignity†. On the other hand, Taylor states that recognition has acquired a different meaning with the new understanding of individual identity that emerged at the end of the eighteenth century. This new idea focused on the inner voice of the individual and on the concept of authenticity: ‘on the original view, the inner voice was important because it tells us what the right thing to do is; bei ng in touch with our moral feelings matter here, as a means to the end of acting rightly’ (1994:28) He also argues that identity is necessarily collective and that cultural rights cannot be enjoyed by individuals alone because they are collective by nature. However, Taylor’s position collides with the liberal tradition which is based on the idea of individual freedom and the neutrality. According to Henri Giordan, the pillar of the modern society is fighting for individual freedom rather than the traditional structures of societies. Thus, the progress of civilizations was reflected in the freedom of speech and press, liberty to gather political parties and vote, concepts which defined human rights that in Pareks` view: ‘represent a great historical achievement’ (2006: 17) Furthermore, he explains that: ‘for the first time in history (human rights) provide a universally accessible moral and political language in which to articulate our shared concerns and differences. In so doing it builds moral bonds between human beings in different parts of the world and helps create an awareness of our shared humanity.’ (2006:17) Nonetheless, Parekh suggests that human rights should follow three conditions: ‘firstly, they should be integrally related to and indispensable for a life of dignity; secondly, they should be universal or rather universalizable in the dual sense that all human beings are entitled to claim them and that this claim extends to all societies; thirdly, human rights should be widely accepted as such by a cross-cultural consensus.’ (2006:25) In order to sustain this point of view, Kymlicka states that minority rights are inseparable from human rights and mentions UNESCO: ‘the defence of cultural diversity is an ethical imperative inseparable from respect for human dignity. It implies a commitment to human rights and fundamental freedoms, in particular the rights belonging to minorities and those of indigenous peoples. Cultural rights are an integral part of human rights, which are universal, indivisible and interdependent.’ (UNESCO, Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity, 2001) However, the rise of democracy was brutally interrupted by the First and Second World War. National identity became a threat for ideologies such as fascism and Nazism which led to a tragic outcome (Kym1icka, 1992). Some minorities were exterminated, either by expulsion or by genocide while other minorities were assimilated and force to adopt the language, customs and religion of the majority group and were denied political rights. It became evident at the end of the Second World War that a different approach to minorities’ rights was necessary and attempts were made to redistribute collective rights to individuals rather than granting special rights to members of a group. (Kymlicka, 1996) Starting with the 1980s, a new dimension was given to minorities rights and Kymlicka suggests that ‘these changes have followed two tracks: there is one track for the specific case of â€Å"indigenous peoples†, and another track for â€Å"minorities† in general’ (2007:31) He goes on explaining that the rights that were exclusively given to indigenous peoples (the Indians and Inuit in Canada, Aboriginal in Australia, Indian tribes in the United States, the Maori of new Zealand) included land claims, language rights, customary law and representation in the central government: ‘this is a perception that is sometimes promoted by indigenous peoples themselves and their advocates, who assert that the status of indigenous peoples has nothing in common with the claims of â€Å"minorities†, and that the ideology of â€Å"indigenism† has no connection with more general theories of multiculturalism’ (2007: 34) The latter track that Kymlicka explains refers to the distinction between â€Å"historic minorities† (that were traditionally settled in the country and included groups that were considered â€Å"indigenous peoples† and long-standing â€Å"national minorities†: the Scots and Welsh of Britain, the Catalans and Basques in Spain, Puerto Rico in United States) and the â€Å"migrants† (2007). In what immigration is concerned, it appears that the countries with a high density of migrants (Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United States) have approached the problem of immigration through a process of assimilation with the hope that they will blend in with the native-born citizens. Solid evidence for the progress of minority rights was given by the European Union when they declared that the promotion of minority rights was the â€Å"ascension criteria† for the countries that wanted to join the Union (Kymlicka 2007) Another topic that Kymlicka approaches in his theory refers to the distinction and the connection between â€Å"collective rights† and â€Å"individual rights†. He begins by explaining that there are two meanings of â€Å"collective rights†: ‘collective rights could refer to the right of a group to limit the liberty of its own individual members in the name of group solidarity or cultural purity (â€Å"internal restrictions†); or it could refer to the right of a group to limit the economic or political power exercised by the larger society over the group, to ensure that the resources and institutions on which the minority depends are not vulnerable to majority decisions (â€Å"external protections†)’ (1996: 36) The internal restrictions imply intra-group relations- the group may use the state power to limit the liberty of its own members which raised the question of individual oppression. As an example, Kymlicka refers to culture where women are oppressed or cultures were the religious orthodoxy is enforced. Moreover, he argues that some minorities would limit even further the rights of their members: ‘it is one thing to require people to do jury duty or to vote, and quite another to compel people to attend a particular church or to follow traditional gender roles. The former are intended to uphold liberal rights and democratic institutions, the latter restrict these rights in the name of cultural tradition or religious orthodoxy.’ (1996:36) External protections imply inter-group relations- the ethnic/ national group seeks to preserve its distinction and identity by limiting the effect of the decisions taken by the majority group. Doing so, this also raises yet another issue: not of individual oppression but of inequality between groups. However, Kymlicka makes it clear that ‘collective rights’ are indeed opposed to individual rights: ‘On one natural interpretation, ‘collective rights’ refer to the rights accorded to and exercised by collectivities, where these rights are distinct from, and perhaps conflicting with, the rights accorded to the individuals who compose the collectivity. This is not the only possible definition of collective rights—indeed there are hundreds of definitions in the literature—but almost everyone agrees that collective rights are, by definition, not individual rights.’ (1996: 45) This matter led to a conflict of ideas between individualists and collectivists on the priority of individuals within a community or the community itself. It appears that individualists argue that the individuals are essential for a community seeing that a community only matters if it contributes to the well-being of its constituent members. On the other hand, collectivists deny the idea of a community that`s meant to attend to its individuals. (1996) ‘Collectivists and individualists disagree about whether communities can have rights or interests independently of their individual members (). Most such rights are not about the primacy of communities over individuals. Rather, they are based upon the idea that justice between groups requires that the members of different groups be accorded different rights.’ (1996: 48) Despite the fact that multiculturalism and immigration have always been present in our lives and are essential components of the modern world, it is still impossible to find the answers to the always-present sociological issues that a multicultural society rises. What triggers the majority of problems is immigration: with it, emerge matters concerning minority rights, individual freedom and identity, oppression, riots, protests for human rights, violence and racism. Economical and political issues, religion and race concerns, language and culture barriers are also consequences of this cultural diversity that we are experiencing today. The topic looks as if it appealed to theoreticians and social scientists and it still remains an ever-present subject of discussion. It also led to conflicts of ideas between theoreticians such as Charles Taylor and Will Kymlicka, both Canadians but with opposing views. It is quite obvious that multiculturalism is now seen as a persistent problem, taking into account the changes that took place in the structures of societies. However, there is no doubt that immigration improved our knowledge of different cultures, languages, traditions and food; it had also thought communities to be tolerant and accept diversity even embrace it. Economy and trade between countries has developed and societies became â€Å"cosmopolitan†. Even thought, migrants have always been put in a bad light, they are not in fact, trying to deter natives. They have good working skills and are willing to work for low-paid jobs and extra hours. Usually, they do the jobs that the natives would not do and it app ears that there are more immigrants than natives that have a permanent job. It seems unfair to argue that migrants do not help the economy of the country they live in seeing that they still pay taxes and have less claimed benefits than the unemployed natives. Moreover, due to the fact they have a low wage they can always be found in the rough area of big cities, living in modest and dangerous conditions. On the other hand, language it is definitely a cause of having low-paid jobs since most migrants do not speak the language, thus making it more difficult to find employment. Another factor of immigration is religious discrimination. Considering the recent events in the United States, Arabs and Islamists in particular are discriminated and put in a bad light. Romanians and Bulgarians also have a bad reputation around Europe and a false image which may lead to cultural conflicts between migrants and natives. Somehow, it appears that the society makes it harder for migrants to obtain necessary documents in order to reside and work legally in the country. Until recently, Romanians and Bulgarians were bound to apply for a work permit in order to work legally in the United Kingdom. Nevertheless, attempts are being made to improve and solve these problems and it is quite obvious that many advantages have been gained from this. Moreover, it is evident that multiculturalism is the way forward and while modern societies need to become more tolerant of migrants and their values, the migrants have to accept the majority`s way of life and integrate in their community and nation. Unfortunately, these changes might not occur in the near future considering that minorities have more and more claims for rights and benefits and natives are becoming more and more reluctant to the controversial idea of multiculturalism, which seems to lead their lives.

Role of Kamala in Hermann Hesse’s Siddhartha

The novel Siddhartha written by Hermann Hesse is a philosophical novel that explores the journey of life and to enlightenment. This is done through the narration of the life of a young boy – the eponymous Siddhartha by a third-person omniscient narrator. My goal in this essay is to explore the role of the most important female character in Siddhartha, Kamala. Siddhartha is set in India, the story concurs with the life of Gotama the Buddha and therefore is estimated to take place around the 5th-6th century B. C. Many female characters play a part in Siddhartha’s journey. Siddhartha’s mother, the nameless young woman in the forest that attempts to seduce him and Vasudeva’s deceased wife. However the only female character that plays a significant role in the plot is Kamala, a courtesan who meets Siddhartha outside the city and becomes an influential character. The root word of the name Kamala – â€Å"Kama† is the Hindu god of love and desire; this represents her profession and character. Kamala first appeared in the eponymous chapter. Siddhartha meets Kamala outside the city when she was being escorted by her servants. Immediately, Siddhartha is struck by her beauty and decides to find her in the city. He saw beneath high-piled black hair a very fair, very soft, very clever face, bright-red lips like a newly opened fig, eyebrows well tended and painted in the form of high arches, dark eyes clever and alert. † The immediate circumstances in which we meet Kamala give us the impression of her being a very beautiful and rich, yet mysterious and untouchable given Siddhartha’s social and financial situation. He then enters the city and asks for her name, Siddhartha learns that she is the renowned courtesan Kamala, who is wealthy and owns a house in the city. His decision to visit Kamala brings about a turning point in the plot where Kamala becomes an object of desire for Siddhartha, and also he views her as someone capable of tutoring him in the ways of love. However Kamala initially rejects Siddhartha as he has no possessions and wears ragged clothing. She does however; give Siddhartha a kiss for a poem he performs. â€Å"He lowered his face to hers, and placed his lips on those lips that were like a newly opened fig. † She introduces Siddhartha to Kamaswami, who is a merchant and a regular client of Kamala’s. She tells Siddhartha to work with Kamaswami and learn the way of the merchant in order to earn money for himself. This becomes important as Siddhartha does become a successful merchant like Kamaswami changing him into a respected wealthy man. Eventually Kamala accepts him and shows him the world of physical love and sex. â€Å"[Siddhartha] learned the art of love; he practiced the cult of pleasure, in which more than anywhere else giving and taking become one and the same; he chatted with her, learned from her, gave her advice, received advice. This persists for many years as Kamala continues her relationship with Siddhartha, but comes to an end when the latter becomes disillusioned with the material world and runs away from the city. Only after Siddhartha leaves the city does Kamala find that she is pregnant with his child and decides to accept no other lovers, the story then leaves Kamala. Kamala returns later when she and her son are on their way to see the dying Buddha Gotama. By this time Siddhartha has returned to his old ascetic lifestyle living with the ferryman Vasudeva. Whilst resting by the river Kamala is bitten by a poisonous snake, Vasudeva hears her son calling for help and immediately goes to assist. Vasudeva brings Kamala back to the hut where Siddhartha recognizes her, and realizes that the boy is his son. Kamala lives only long enough to have one last conversation with Siddhartha before she dies in his arms (The Ferryman chapter). We see Kamala as a temptress who seduces Siddhartha and draws him away from his journey to enlightenment. She does however indirectly lead Siddhartha to his enlightenment first by teaching him the values and limitations of the material world, and also by bearing his son who gives Siddhartha the most difficult test on his path. Kamala is the master tutor of the material world, this makes her the opposite of Gotama who is the master tutor of the spiritual world. Whilst Gotama teaches his followers the virtues of patience and inner peace, Kamala focuses on a lifestyle of â€Å"living in the moment†. She also contrasts the Samanas whom Siddhartha has become when he first meets Kamala. The Samanas live without personal property but Kamala demands items such as clothing and jewelry from clients for her courtship. While we see Kamala’s relationship with Siddhartha as mutual love, the two never truly love each other. Siddhartha only sees Kamala as a teacher of love and an object of desire, Kamala sees Siddhartha as a skilled lover, a client and a source of income (she does however show preference and affection for Siddhartha, as we see in the initial chapters when she gives Siddhartha the opportunity to earn a living in the city). For a long while she sported with Siddhartha, luring him on, repulsing him, forcing his will, encircling him, enjoying his mastery, until he was vanquished and lay exhausted at her side. † She treats her relationship with Siddhartha as a part of her profession. However, after Siddhartha leaves and Kamala becomes aware of her pregnancy, she refuses to take another lover. This tells us that she still had a very intimate relationship with Siddhartha. An interesting fact is that despite Siddhartha’s dislike for teachers (as shown in his conversations with Gotama the Buddha and later with Govinda), he shows a preference towards Kamala’s teachings. Towards the very end of her life, Kamala seems to have also found an inner peace. Kamala is described as physically very beautiful and alluring, whilst at the same time being very clever (although we do learn that she cannot read nor write). â€Å"Her body was as lithe as a jaguar’s or as a hunter’s bow. † Kamala’s most important role in Siddhartha is being Siddhartha’s mentor in the world of love and as the mother of Siddhartha’s child. She plays a major role in Siddhartha’s life as a long-time companion and a lover of sorts. Initially we see her as an obstacle to Siddharta’s journey to find enlightenment as she seduces Siddhartha and keeps him from his continuing on his trek, but soon we see that while Siddhartha has experienced much of the spiritual world, he lacks any experience in the material world and is naive to the concepts of love. Here is where we begin to see her as an instructor, a companion and a guide to Siddhartha’s other side of life (the original being a life of ascetics). Reference http://www.123helpme.com/view.asp?id=169147

The Potential Threats And Risks That Have Home And...

IV. Overview of the many possible threats/risks that both home and corporate WIFI networks will need to overcome to provide the desirable level of security. A. Data Interception – anything that spreads outside your house or business can possibly be captured by non-authorized recipients. This can be done within a couple hundred feet or even much farther with a directional antennas used. (Phifer, 2010) B. Denial of Service - WIFI is by its nature completely vulnerable to DoS. One of the issues is that all users share the same frequencies, making competition unavoidable in high population areas. But beyond the non-intentional issues, fake messages can be sent to disconnect users or task the AP resources and monopolize channels (Phifer,†¦show more content†¦(Phifer, 2010) H. Endpoint attacks - attackers now are relooking to directly compromise WIFI endpoints by taking advantage of defective WIFI drivers to execute buffer overflows. (Phifer, 2010) I. Evil Twin Access Points - fake APs that advertise the same network name (SSID) as a genuine hotspot or business WIFI. (Phifer, 2010) J. Wireless phishing - clever hackers can even use the Evil Twin or open hotspot to poison the WIFI client Web browser cache. (Phifer, 2010) V. Options for enterprise level WIFI encryption, virtual private networks (VPNs) and various other methods and tools for securing. A. Establish WIFI Security. 1. WPA2-Enterprise. While WPA2 Personal is designed for personal and home usage and it isn’t the most secure choice. Admittedly, it is much simpler to install and use than WPA2 Enterprise. However, WPA2 Enterprise provides a much better authentication stage (WPA2 Enterprise vs. Personal, 2014). WPA2 Enterprise can not only be setup to allow for standard password authentication, but also can be configured for password and/ or digital certificates. With WPA2 Enterprise, if a WIFI device is lost or compromised, the credentials can be revoked or changed. With WPA2 Personal, you would have to change the password manually on all devices in the same situation. Also, because WPA2 Enterprise uses dynamic and unique keys, it

Heart Health How Does Heart Rate Change with Exercise

Introduction The heart is an extraordinary structure that is the base of all human life. However, it similar to the uncomplicated functions of water pumps. As the heart beats, blood is distributed throughout the body using a network of blood vessels. The functions of the heart can be kept in regular and healthy conditions through exercise. Exercise has an effect on the blood that is circulating through the body. That circulating blood makes the heart desire more oxygen, causing the heart rate to increase rapidly to keep up with activity demand. History of the Heart The science and history of the heart can be traced back as far as the fourth century B.C. Greek philosopher, Aristotle, declared the heart to be the most vital organ in the†¦show more content†¦Anatomy of the Heart The heart is located beneath the rib cage, between the lungs, to the left of the sternum (breastbone). Most people believe that the heart is located on the left side of the chest because the bottom of the heart is tipped to the left. Therefore, you feel more of your heart on the left side. The heart is a powerhouse with muscular walls that contract, thrusting blood throughout the body’s blood vessels. The blood must flow in one direction in order for the heart to function properly. The three focal types of vessels are arteries, capillaries, and veins which form the circulatory system. These vessels, like elastic tubes, transport blood to every portion of the body. Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to all of the body’s tissues. They progressively become smaller as blood is carried further away from the heart. The capillaries are the small, thin blood vessels that connect the arteries to the veins. Nutrients, carbon dioxide and waste products are allowe d to pass to and from the tissue cells by their thin walls. Veins, on the other hand, carry the oxygen-poor blood back to the heart. These vessels gradually become larger as they get near to the heart. The blood vessel system runs over 60,000 miles long. Heart Rate Your heart rate, also known as pulse, is the number of times your heart beats or contracts per minute. Due to the variation of the effects on hearts, rate fluctuates from person to person. Common effects of heart rateShow MoreRelatedHealth: Heart Disease Essay example1398 Words   |  6 PagesHow much does my heart rate change after running in place for 10 minutes? Introduction The leading cause of death in the US is heart disease and the fourth leading cause of death in the US is stroke. Both are related to the heart. Both can be prevented (or at least somewhat alleviated) by engaging in exercise. Among the other leading causes of death is diabetes, which is related to being obese (and therefore sedentary). 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